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Celluloid dolls are made from cellulose nitrate, alcohol, fillers &
camphor pigments. Celluloid dolls were made in: Bavaria, England, France,
Japan, Germany, Italy (dolls from Germany were sent to Italy for the
face to be painted), Poland, Spain and the USA.
Early dolls had a celluloid head
and limbs or partial limbs with a cloth stuffed body, this celluloid material
is rather fragile. About 1908
the material improved and the dolls were then made entirely of
celluloid, and were now more durable.
In the 1940s the USA outlawed the use of celluloid for
dolls, as the material can be flammable if exposed to high heat or open
flame, however, other countries continued to use the material long after
the 1940s. Also, the celluloid material deteriorates when exposed to
moisture.
Here are some manufacturers of celluloid dolls, doll heads and
doll markings that we have found:
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1920-1940's American (USA) - Indian head marking, doll
maker unknown. |
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1913-1921 Anel & Fraisse (FRA),
after 1921 Anel & Fils, made celluloid babies, character
dolls and children |
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1950s +
Anili (Italy) doll mark a circle with Anili,
a heart symbol, Italy. |
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1912-1930
Arcy Toy Manufacturing (USA), made
bisque, celluloid and composition dolls |
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1918-1934
Arnold, J M (GER), made
celluloid and rubber dolls with molded painted hair and
facial features |
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1913-1965 Averill (USA) - various markings, Sunny Girl
and
Boy, celluloid with the turtle marking |
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1871-1919
Bähr & Pröschild,
(GER) Buporit marking, bought by Bruno Schmidt in the 1930's - doll
mark BSW in a heart + others. |
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1921-1930s
Bauer & Richter, Inc. (GER) made porcelain and celluloid babies, markings
unknown |
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1897-1927
Bayerische Celluloid Warenfabrik, (GER) made celluloid child & character dolls,
doll mark W |
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1902-1927
Best &
Company (USA), made
dolls of glass, wood, composition, metal & celluloid, trade name Snuggles |
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1888-1930's
Buschow & Beck (GER) doll
markings
Minerva with a helmet, Doll with a metal head |
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1896-1929
Buschow, Wilhelm, (GER)
factory and doll manufacturer, made rubber and celluloid dolls |
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1906-1930
Canzler, & Hofffman
(GER), Caho trade name, stuffed leather and celluloid dolls |
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1923-1960s
+
Cellba Celluloid Warenfabrik, (Schoberl & Becker), (GER) - a
winged mermaid marking |
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1948-1960s Dittmann, Erich (GER), doll mark EDI Puppen, made small celluloid dolls |
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1887-1930
Erhard, Stephen, also S.
Erhard & Son (ENG), celluloid dolls, doll mark diamond with S.E.S,
S E & S. |
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1918-1920
Exeloid Co. (USA) made
lightweight celluloid dolls of Pyralin developed by Dupont |
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1858-1914
Fabricus Toy & Novelty
(USA), jobber, sold celluloid dolls from various mfgs. |
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1911-1913
Foulds & Freure (USA),
jobber, sold German and Japan celluloid dolls |
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1913 + Covert, G & Co (FRA), made celluloid dolls, a windmill + Covert |
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1901-1930s
Gans, Otto (GER), made
bisque and celluloid dolls, doll marking: OG, OGA |
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1760-present
Hambley Brothers (ENG)
import, exporter of celluloid & other dolls, marked: Fums
Up, Thumbs Up |
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1889-1930
Hartmann, Carl (GER)
exported small bisque and celluloid dolls, mark CH,
GlobeBaby |
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1925-1927
Hermsdorfer (GER), made
celluloid baby and child dolls, doll markings beetle, DADA. |
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1918-1930
Hess, Theodore & Co.
(GER) made all celluloid jointed dolls. |
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1918-1930
Heumann, Carl (GER) made
celluloid baby w/bottle and suck a thumb dolls. |
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1892-1925
Hoffmeister, Carl (GER) made
celluloid dolls, celluloid heads from Rheinische Gummi (turtle
mark), metal heads from Buschow & Beck (Minerva metal head
mark). |
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1941-1956 Hollywood (USA) made small
celluloid dolls, doll mark a star with Hollywood across it. |
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1900-1925+ Hunaeus, Dr. Paul (GER) made celluloid doll
heads and dolls, doll mark PH intertwined, Igodi. |
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1926 + Irwin (USA) made celluloid dolls, doll marking Irwin Made in USA |
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Japan Co. (unknown) - made celluloid dolls,
marking: 3 leaf clover / Made in Japan, origami
of a bird / Made in Japan, a butterfly,
Made in Occupied Japan, various symbols ie. fleur-de-lis
, Japan Royal, three acorn leaves, Made in Japan
or Japanese character markings, Made in Japan,
K + Nippon (this last one would be by Nippon).
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1885-1932 Kammer & Reinhardt (GER) - K star R,
K & R W, doll molds 301, 406, 700, 701, 717, 728, + others |
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1930 Katagini Brothers (USA)
- made
celluloid dolls |
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1805-1938 Kestner, JD (GER) - JDK turtle marking + many more
markings, made celluloid
& bisque dolls |
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1925
Knickerbocker Dolls & Toys
(USA) - made some celluloid dolls + other material type dolls |
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1902-1926
Kohl & Wengenroth
(GER) - made celluloid dolls, doll mark IGODI (for Johannes Dietrich dolls), KW
+ a female figure symbol |
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1911-1935 Konig (Köenig) & Wernicke
(GER) - made bisque & celluloid dolls, doll mark K & WW 29815 or
29817, inside a circle + turtle mark below |
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1910-present
Kruse, Kathe (GER) - Schultz KK mark (1st K is backward), made cloth
dolls first, later of celluloid |
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1921
Langfelder, Homma &
Hayward, (USA) took over for Morimura - importer of bisque,
celluloid dolls from Germany & Japan, as well as a
distributor of composition and rubber dolls in the USA |
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1936-1940s + Le
Minor Dolls (FRA) used celluloid heads made by Petitcolin |
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1894-1938
Libermann, Ernst (GER) made
bisque and celluloid heads on a jointed body, doll mark EL, ELI |
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1927 Lona Art Dolls (GER), used
Rheinische Gummi
celluloid heads on August Schmidt cloth bodies, doll marks Lona,
D.R.P., the turtle marking on head |
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1868-1938
Luthardt, Ernest EG.M
(GER), a factory & exporter of celluloid heads & bodies, trade mark Luta 1929 |
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1917-1928 Maar, E. & Sohn (GER) made celluloid dolls, doll marks EMASO, M,
three (3) MMM |
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1911-1930s
Maaser, Robert (GER),
made bisque, composition and celluloid heads on a jointed body |
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1918-1930s Marks Brothers (Boston, USA), has name in marking,
importers of bisque & celluloid dolls |
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1894-1921
Meyer, Carl (GER), made
bisque, celluloid character dolls and babies |
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1915-1928
Möller, August & Sohn
(GER), made replacement bisque & celluloid heads for child
& baby, doll mark AMUSO |
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1950s-1960s Molls Doll Co, (GER) made
Trachten-Puppen (costume dolls) in celluloid, doll mark a symbol
of two
Scottie dogs playing tug of war. |
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1900-1930s
Muller, Wilhelm G. (GER)
exported celluloid heads made by Schildkröt, doll mark WEEGEM, WGM |
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1930-1950s N.A.T.L.
- Novedad Arte Tomalidad Ingenio, (Spain), made
art & souvenir dolls of celluloid |
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1919-1968
Palitoy Cascelluloid Co
(ENG), made composition, celluloid & hard plastic dolls |
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1910-1919 Parsons Jackson Co. (Ohio, USA) - made celluloid
dolls, modeled after real babies both white and black dolls,
doll mark a stork symbol. |
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1925-1928
Paturel, J. Et Cie (FRA),
made celluloid child and baby dolls in both white and black. |
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1772-1927
Payne, W. & Son (ENG)
a department store that imported dolls from France, after WW II
they produced some of their own dolls in celluloid. |
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1919-1930s
Pensky, Alfred
(Bavaria), factory that made miniature bisque, celluloid &
china dolls, doll mark Pehalo Hannalore. |
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1916-1922
Perls, Charles Mfg. Co.
(ENG), made celluloid and composition dolls |
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1886-1930s Petitcollin (FRA) - made celluloid doll heads,
Marie-France, doll mark an eagle with FRANCE
beneath. |
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1924 Reed, C.A. (USA), made
celluloid bride and groom dolls |
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1890-1927
Reich, Goldmann Co. (GER),
made celluloid child and baby dolls with a bent limb body |
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1926 Reinick, W. (GER), made bisque
and celluloid head dolls |
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1873 + Rheinische Gummi und Celluloid Fabrik Co., (GER) - Schildkrot
(Schildkroet Puppen) - GER (made heads for other mfg's.too) doll mark a turtle
inside a diamond, Tortulon and
a number, Schultzmarke &
turtle
marking, 1926 trade name Miblu. Made lots and
lots of celluloid dolls and doll heads.
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1908-1930s
Rudolph, Max (GER), made
celluloid head dolls, doll mark MRW |
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1927 Schanzer, Henry
Co. (USA), made
small celluloid & composition dolls to dress in crocheted or
knitted outfits |
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1926-1930s
Scheffler, Karl (GER),
made all celluloid child dolls, babies & celluloid head
on a cloth body dolls |
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1901-1935
Shelhorn, Heinrich (GER),
made celluloid & porcelain dolls |
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1853-1930s
Schmey, Gustave (GER),
exporter of celluloid dolls and others |
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1898-1930s Schmidt, Bruno (GER) - BSW in a heart + others,
bought Bähr & Proschild (1871-1919) in the 1930's,
made celluloid dolls + more, best known for Tommy Tucker &
Wendy dolls |
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1890-1937
Schmidt, Franz
Co. (GER),
made bisque & celluloid heads, doll marks FS, F S & C,
F S & Co., S & C |
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1891-1928 Schmuckler, Heinrich
(POL & CHEK), made wood, celluloid and cloth dolls,
doll mark symbol of a rabbit with the word HeSli inside. |
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1923-1960s Schoberl &
Becker (GER),
Cellba Celluloid Warenfabrik
doll mark a winged mermaid inside a shield |
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1912-1950s Schreyer & Co.,
(GER) made celluloid dolls, used the doll mark Schuco |
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1904-1930 Schwerdt Feger &
Co. (GER) made felt dolls, some with a celluloid head
covering |
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1869-1930 Sehm, Frau Mathilde
(GER) made fairytale dolls, doll house and celluloid baby
& character dolls |
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1918 +
Sekiguchi of Japan, made celluloid dolls
and toys, doll mark is a three lobed flower. |
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1899-1950 Societe Francaise de Fabrication de Bebe &
Jouets (FRA) - doll mark SFBJ + other |
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1900-1927 Societe Industrielle
de Celluloid (FRA) -
doll marks SIDC - Sicoid, Sicoine, Siegfried, S / C &
S.I.M.P and a trademark of a winged dragon or wyvern,
with initials of N & M (Neumann & Marx their
founders). |
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1927-1939
Societe Nobel Francaise
(FRA) - SNF - (formerly called SIDC see above)
doll mark a dragon. |
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1950-1960s? SONSCO (Japan), made celluloid dolls, some were
mechanical walkers, doll mark Made in Japan on bottom of
foot. |
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1898-1930 Standfuss, Karl
(GER), made metal head dolls with celluloid coatings, doll marks
Juno, Karl Standfuss |
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1919-1920 Sunny Twin Dolly Co.
(USA), made celluloid dolls |
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1863-1930 Sussfeld & Cie
(FRA), exporter & distributor; bisque heads also,
celluloid & cloth dolls |
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1920s-1930's Tissier &
Cie (FRA) sold dressed and undressed celluloid dolls |
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1894-1930s Ungarische
Gummiwaren fabrik (HUN) made celluloid and rubber dolls
and doll heads |
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1929-1930 Unger Doll & Toy
Co. (USA), made character dolls possibly of celluloid. |
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1901 -1930s Viscoloid Company,
of Leominster, MA (USA). 1915 they were bought by DuPont,
made celluloid dolls, doll mark USA - VCO.
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1879-1930s Voight, Friedrich
(GER), mfg. and exporter of bisque, celluloid, wood doll
heads |
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1888-1930 Volker, Carl
(GER) sold bisque, celluloid dolls & bisque/celluloid
heads on composition bodies |
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1904-1930s VonBerg, Hermann
(GER) made bisque & celluloid dolls, doll mark HvB |
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1904-1930s Wacker, Albert
(GER) made celluloid dolls and doll parts |
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1914 Wallach (Bavaria) made
composition head dolls on a cloth body with celluloid arms |
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1862-1921 Wittzak, Emil
(GER) sold celluloid dolls as well as other types, doll mark Sheppard
with a staff in a circle with the word trade mark below |
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1912-1930 Wolff, Gebruder
(GER), made celluloid dolls and doll parts |
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1924-1927 Württembergische Spielwaren Puppen
Werkstaten (GER) toy factory &
doll shop, made celluloid dolls, doll mark HEIDEKOPF
(picture of a man with back sack & walking staff) - SPIELWAREN |
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1920s Zast, P. R. (Poland) - made celluloid dolls, some with human hair wigs
and glass eyes, doll mark ASK in a triangle with Poland
beneath. |
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