|
![Tommy Tucker celluloid doll 17", Rheinische Gummi turtle mark](images/tommy17tucker_celluloid325.jpg)
Tommy Tucker doll, 17" tall, all celluloid, Rheinische Gummi turtle marking |
Celluloid dolls are made from cellulose nitrate, alcohol, fillers and camphor pigments. Celluloid dolls were made in: Bavaria, England, France,
Japan, Germany, Italy (dolls from Germany were sent to Italy for the face to be painted), Poland, Spain and the USA.
Early dolls had a celluloid head and limbs or partial limbs with a cloth stuffed body, this celluloid material is rather fragile. About 1908 the material improved and the dolls were then made entirely of
celluloid and were now more durable.
|
In the 1940s the USA outlawed the use of celluloid for dolls, as the material can be flammable if exposed to high heat or open flame, however, other countries continued to use the material long after
the 1940s. Also, the celluloid material deteriorates when exposed to moisture.
Celluloid Doll Marks Identified
Celluloid Toy Factory 1884-1939
Kalisz (POL), Szrajer &
Fingerhut or Shaer & Fingergut, founded by Adam Szrajer
and father-in-law Jakub Fingerhut, made celluloid dolls and wooden toys, doll
mark ASK inside a triangle Poland.
Celluloid Toy Factory (during WW II ca.
1939-1945) Kalisz (POL), successor German
Theodor Reinke, doll mark TR inside a triangle. Sometime after world
war II ended in 1945, the Celluloid Toy Factory of Kalisz was renamed Kaliskie
Zaklady Przemyslu Terenowgo at Ul Przbrzezma and used the celluloid doll mark
PPMK inside a triangle Poland, a four leaf clover symbol Poland.
Convert & Company 1911-1930+ (FRA), made celluloid dolls, 1930+ Nani & Nano baby dolls, doll mark a windmill symbol France.
Erich Dittmann 1945-1967 (GER), EDI dolls, made small celluloid and plastic dolls,
babies, doll dolls house, ramp walker dolls, some dressed in Regional costumes,
etc. doll mark Edi DRGM, Edi Germany, EDI Puppen.
Dovina Dolls 1960s-? Rotterdam, Holland (NETH), made 8-19" tall, regional dressed celluloid,
probably made plastic dolls too, doll mark VH, doll label mark Dovina Rotterdam - Holland.
Stephan Erhard, also S. Erhard & Son 1887-1930 (ENG), made celluloid dolls, doll mark SES, S E & S inside a diamond.
Exeloid Company 1918-1920 (USA), made lightweight celluloid pyralin plastic like novelty dolls in blue, pink or white, doll mark XLCO Made in U.S.A.
Foulds & Freure 1911-1930+ (USA), jobber, sold and imported German and Japan celluloid dolls, doll mark F & F NY INC.
Giocattoli Brevettati Galetti or Galletti 1950s-? (ITALY) - made small celluloid
and probably plastic souvenir dolls, doll mark symbol of two standing roosters facing, Made in Italy.
Hamley Brothers 1760+ (ENG), import, exporter of celluloid and dolls of other
materials, doll mark Buster Brown, Fums Up, Thumbs Up.
Paul Hausmeister & Company 1909+ (Göppingen, Germany) - is a little known doll
maker, they participated in the Leipzig fair with doll heads made of gelatin,
bone, composition and celluloid. Paul Hausmeister registered his doll mark
of a Stork bird standing on one foot in 1909.
![Paul Hausmeister doll mark a stork bird standing on one foot symbol](Marks/Images/hausmeister_paul_doll_mark_stork-Optimized.jpg)
Hermsdorfer Celluloid Warenfabrik 1925-1927 (GER), made celluloid baby and child dolls, doll mark Ladybug
symbol, a Marienkäfer, DADA on the wings.
![Christian Hopf doll mark CH intertwined](Marks/Images/german-doll-mark-ch-celluloid.jpg)
Christian Hophf doll mark CH
Jouets de Strasbourg Joustra Toy Company 1932-1999 (FRA)- made small dressed celluloid dolls
and probably of other materials, clothing has a cloth label sewn with the name
Joustra.
Dr. Paul Hunaeus Celluloidwaren-Fabrik 1864-1930 (GER), made celluloid doll heads and dolls, doll mark PH intertwined, Igodi (by Johannes Gotthilf Dietrich), in 1930 merged with Rheinische Gummi
(Schildkröt).
Japan celluloid dolls, doll makers and doll marks
page
Jacob Jung 1912 (GER) made celluloid dolls, doll mark a standing stork carrying a baby.
Irwin & Company 1926+ (USA), made cloth, composition, celluloid and hard plastic dolls,
doll mark Non-Flam in a circle Irwin Made in USA.
Knickerbocker Doll & Toy Company 1925+ (USA), made some celluloid dolls, plus dolls of other materials.
J.K. Køge Company 1947-1950s (Køge, DEN) 1947-1950s, doll mark J.K. Koge inside a triangle or a sea shell inside a circle.
Kohl & Wengenroth Celluloid & Rubber Doll Factory 1864-1926 (GER) Offenbach made small celluloid and rubber dolls, soldiers, clowns, bathing dolls, novelty items,
doll mark KOW on top of arms extended of standing person.
Henri Orthon Kratz-Boussac 1892-1910 (FRA), made celluloid dolls, registered in 1906 doll mark L'Aiglon, an Eagle symbol.
Le Minor Dolls - Petitcollin, doll mark eagle head with
FRANCE
Lenigruska Factory, Igrushka LPO, A Toy Factory in Leningrad, Russia 1928-1991+, made dolls
in various materials over the years; celluloid, plastic, vinyl, doll mark
bear symbol, a couple embracing symbol.
![Lenigruska doll mark teddy bear symbol Russia](Marks/Images/lenigrushka-factory-doll-mark-teddy-bear-symbol-1.jpg)
Lenigrushka doll mark a bear symbol Russia (1978) |
![Lenigruska doll mark couple embracing Russia](Marks/Images/lenigrushka-factory-doll-mark-man-couple-embracing.jpg)
Lenigruska doll mark couple embracing Russia (after
1978) |
Ernst Liebermann 1894-1938+ (GER), made bisque and celluloid head character dolls and babies on ball jointed bodies, doll mark EL, ELI,
doll mold 60.
Ernst EG.M. Luthardt 1868-1938 (GER), Lederpupenfabrik und Export dolls, made dolls made of bisque, China, celluloid, composition heads on
leather, cloth or felt and composition bodies. In 1929 began using the doll mark
Luta Germany.
Aiba Kintoro Marugane dolls 1920s (Tokyo Japan), not much is
known of this company, they made celluloid dolls, doll mark is a symbol of an umbrella
(or an arrow pointing up) with the pole as the center in roman numeral
III all inside a circle MADE IN NIPPON.
August Möller & Sohn 1915-1928 (GER), advertised replacement bisque, celluloid and porcelain heads for child and baby dolls with human or mohair wigs, sometime later Möller made entire dolls with a bisque head dolly face or composition
dolly face head, on a composition jointed body. Möller also operated a doll hospital, doll mark
AMUSO, doll molds 70, 100,
1006, 1920.
Moll's Doll Company 1950s-1960s (GER), made small Trachten-Puppen (costume dolls) in celluloid
and probably in plastic, doll mark
tag in red and white Moll's a symbol of a girls face Trachten-Puppen.
|