M-Z Celluloid Dolls Makers and Doll Marks Identified 1869+

Celluloid dolls are made from cellulose nitrate, alcohol, fillers and camphor pigments. Early celluloid material is fragile, so dolls had a celluloid head and limbs or partial limbs with a cloth stuffed body. Celluloid dolls were notably made in Germany, Bavaria, England, France, Japan, Italy, Poland, Spain and the United States of America.

By the 1940s the United States outlawed the use of celluloid for doll making, as the material can be flammable if exposed to high heat or open flame. Other countries continued to use the material long after the 1940s.

M-Z Celluloid Doll Makers | A-L Celluloid Doll Makers

Rheinische Gummi und Celluloid-Fabrik 1873+ German

Rheinische Rubber and Celluloid Factory of Germany was by far the most prolific of all the celluloid doll makers. Schildkrot (Schildkroet Puppen) – used the doll mark of a turtle symbol, a turtle inside a diamond, a turtle inside a diamond Schultzmarke.  Schildkrot also made celluloid doll heads for others; Averill, Kammer & Reinhardt, Kestner, Koenig & Wernicke, Wortschutz and many more.  

Shown on Turtle mark, Tortulon and a number, Tortulon is a hard plastic type material used instead of celluloid by Rheinische Gummi in later years. Rheinische Gummi und Celluloid-Fabrik body stamp 447828

Rheinische Rubber and Celluloid Factory;  Schildkröt celluloid Juwel doll, 12-25″ tall, boy dolls or girl dolls have been found, both with deeply molded lightly painted brown hair, blue sleep eyes, real upper eyelashes, closed mouth, jointed body, the 25″ size has a voice box, doll mark Juwel 34, Juwel 45, Juwel 64, plus other numbers.

Offenbacher Celluloid and Rubber Factory 1890-1926+ (GER) made cloth, rubber and celluloid dolls, celluloid doll mark flying bird symbol.

 P & N Doll Company, dates unknown (country unknown), made celluloid black baby dolls, some dolls wear ethnic or exotic jewelry; earrings and necklace, some dolls wear a grass skirt, doll mark P & N with a dragonfly symbol.

Parsons-Jackson Company 1910-1919 Cleveland, Ohio (USA) made dolls of biskoline a celluloid like material, modeled after real babies white and black dolls, doll mark KKK, Biskoline, a standing stork symbol.

Petitcollin Company 1860-present (FRA) or Le Minor, made celluloid doll heads, both companies used the doll mark an eagle head symbol Téte d’Aigle FRANCE.

Preh Werke GmbH 1919 to present (GER), 1949+ made celluloid or plastic doll mark Plasticbaby  inside symbol of an angel.

Petrasch Rosenaur 1940s-1950s Salzburg, Austria – made celluloid dolls plus dolls of other materials, doll mark doll head on top of half world globe Gobaly.

Max Rudolph 1908-1930s Waltershausen (GER) – made doll heads of bisque doll mold 98, 342, celluloid Miblu heads doll mold 350 and porzellanit a composition material doll mold 399, doll mark MR inside a W 1908.

Louis Sametz 1918-1924 (USA), made celluloid child shoulder head dolls, Kewpies and Bye-Lo babies, doll mark a native American Indian head symbol American.

Heinrich Schmuckler 1891-1928 (POL, CSK), made wood, celluloid and cloth dolls, doll mark symbol of a rabbit with the word HeSli inside.

Schoberl & Becker of Cellba Celluloid Warenfabrik 1923-1967 (GER) – celluloid doll mark a winged mermaid symbol on a shield.

Schreyer & Company 1912-1950s (GER), made dolls of cloth character dolls, celluloid, doll mark Marke Schuco roly-poly doll symbol.

Schwäbische Celluloid Warenfabrik 1913+ (GER) made celluloid products with dolls made between 1930-1967, doll mark S symbol of a stork with a child on it’s back.

SIC – Societe Industrielle de Celluloid 1900-1927 (FRA), made dolls of celluloid plus other materials, doll marks Sicoid, Sicoine, Siegfried, SIC, SIMP with a trademark of a winged dragon or wyvern with initials of N & M for founders Neumann & Marx.

SNF – Societe Nobel Française 1927-1939 (FRA) formerly called SIC, made dolls of celluloid and probably other materials, doll mark France SNF inside a diamond.

Technoplast 1949-2002 (CSK) – made celluloid, plastic, vinyl dolls mark Technoplast inside a circle Made in Czechoslovakia, celluloid Horlave or  Vyrobeno Zcelluloid Horlave.

Viscoloid Company 1901-1930s Leominster, MA (USA), in 1915 they were bought by DuPont, made celluloid dolls, doll mark USA VCO.

 Albert Wacker Company 1904-1930s (GER), made celluloid dolls and doll parts, doll mark W inside a circle.

Westo Company 1950s+ (GER or SWT) made small celluloid and plastic tourist dolls, doll mark Westo.

Schmider Doll Company 1950s-1960s (GER), made small celluloid, probably plastic Trachten-Puppen costume dolls dressed in traditional regional costumes, dolls are unmarked, came with a hangtag original Schmider trachten.

P.R. Zast company 1920s (Poland), made celluloid mask face cloth body dolls, some with human hair wigs, glass eyes, doll mark on head ASK in a triangle the initials are for Adam Szrajer of Kalisz, owner of the Celluloid Toy Factory in Poland, doll mark on shoulder P.R. Zast inside a triangle Poland. 

Zwilling-Fox Doll Company 1950s-1960s (GER), made small celluloid, probably plastic Trachten-Puppen, costume dolls dressed, dolls are unmarked, doll hangtag two terrier dogs playing tug of war Qualitäis Trachten-Puppen.

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